A new equation for accurate approximation of the Moody friction factor in the general gas-flow equation better approximates a wide range of Reynolds numbers than previously published equations. Other, ...

has long been used for calculating the friction factor, f, for incompressible and some compressible flows in uniform pipes, ducts, and conduits. It is asymptotic to both the accepted smooth-surface ...

The idea is not a new one: Use composites to reline underground pipe without the time, effort, and expense of digging up all that dirt. Currently, there are two types of lining technology. One is a ...