In-situ monitoring and control of etching processes are critical components in the micro- and nano-structuring of materials and thin films. Traditional techniques primarily encompass laser end-point ...

Surface roughness is referred to as a series of microscopic geometric features of tiny valleys and peaks of different spacings and heights that are typically arranged in a non-deterministic way on a ...

Being able to quantify a surface finish is both a complex and necessary task. While surface topography relates to a three-dimensional property, the most accepted surface measurement parameter is ...

Optical Profilometry employs light to measure surface contours and roughness by analyzing the interaction between light waves and the surface under examination. It utilizes various principles such as ...