SUMMARY: Electromagnetism is a strong force that causes protons in an atom's nucleus, such as Helium, to repel each other.

The American scientist warns about the risks of nuclear conflict and the growing role of artificial intelligence in making ...

any generation of Standard Model fermions transforms as the direct sum of six irreducible representations: These correspond to the six types of left-handed fermion: q L, d R, u R, ℓ L, e R, ν R. Six ...

Scientists using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have opened a new window into the first moments of the universe by studying ...