Abstract: In this paper, we propose three modular multiplication algorithms that use only the IEEE 754 binary floatingpoint operations. Several previous studies have used floatingpoint operations to ...

The discovery could lead to the finding of more planets. Astrophysicists are marveling at the latest celestial discovery made near the Milky Way's supermassive black hole. Scientists have uncovered ...

Grokking is a newly developed phenomenon where a model starts to generalize well long after it has overfitted to the training data. It was first seen in a two-layer Transformer trained on a simple ...

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Logic devices have improved in recent years due to advances in silicon germanium (SiGe), indium gallium phosphide (InGaP), and indium phosphide (InP) compound semiconductors. Microwave engineers may ...

Ever wondered how computers communicate and process information? They use the binary number system, a base-2 numeral system that consists of only two digits: 0 and 1. Decoding binary numbers might ...

Abstract: Providing end-to-end security is vital for most networks. Emerging quantum computers make it necessary to design secure crypto-systems against quantum ...

Cloudy with a chance of concrete? The “success” of last week’s brief but eventful Starship launch has apparently raised some regulatory eyebrows, with the Federal Aviation Administration launching an ...